Create AudioRecord by reflection as a fallback

Some devices (Vivo phones) fail to create an AudioRecord from an
AudioRecord.Builder (which throw a NullPointerException).

In that case, create an AudioRecord instance directly by reflection.

The AOSP version of AudioRecord constructor code can be found at:
 - Android 11 (R):
   <https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-11.0.0_r1:frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java;l=335;drc=64ed2ec38a511bbbd048985fe413268335e072f8>
 - Android 12 (S):
   <https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-12.0.0_r1:frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java;l=388;drc=2eebf929650e0d320a21f0d13677a27d7ab278e9>
 - Android 13 (T, functionally identical to Android 12):
   <https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/android-13.0.0_r1:frameworks/base/media/java/android/media/AudioRecord.java;l=382;drc=ed242da52f975a1dd18671afb346b18853d729f2>
 - Android 14 (U): Not released, but expected to change

PR #3862 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/pull/3862>
Fixes #3805 <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/3805>

Signed-off-by: Romain Vimont <rom@rom1v.com>

app/prebuilt-deps/prepare-ffmpeg.sh

@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ cd "$DIR"
 mkdir -p "$PREBUILT_DATA_DIR"
 cd "$PREBUILT_DATA_DIR"
 
-VERSION=6.0-scrcpy-3
+VERSION=6.0-scrcpy-4
 DEP_DIR="ffmpeg-$VERSION"
 
 FILENAME="$DEP_DIR".7z
-SHA256SUM=36829d98ac4454d7092c72ddb92faa20b60450bc0fe8873076efb0858cdcbc2c
+SHA256SUM=39274b321491ce83e76cab5d24e7cbe3f402d3ccf382f739b13be5651c146b60
 
 if [[ -d "$DEP_DIR" ]]
 then

app/src/display.c

@@ -62,11 +62,17 @@ sc_display_init(struct sc_display *display, SDL_Window *window, bool mipmaps) {
         LOGD("Trilinear filtering disabled (not an OpenGL renderer");
     }
 
+    display->pending.flags = 0;
+    display->pending.frame = NULL;
+
     return true;
 }
 
 void
 sc_display_destroy(struct sc_display *display) {
+    if (display->pending.frame) {
+        av_frame_free(&display->pending.frame);
+    }
 #ifdef SC_DISPLAY_FORCE_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE
     SDL_GL_DeleteContext(display->gl_context);
 #endif
@@ -84,7 +90,7 @@ sc_display_create_texture(struct sc_display *display,
                                              SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_STREAMING,
                                              size.width, size.height);
     if (!texture) {
-        LOGE("Could not create texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        LOGD("Could not create texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -104,8 +110,66 @@ sc_display_create_texture(struct sc_display *display,
     return texture;
 }
 
-bool
-sc_display_set_texture_size(struct sc_display *display, struct sc_size size) {
+static inline void
+sc_display_set_pending_size(struct sc_display *display, struct sc_size size) {
+    assert(!display->texture);
+    display->pending.size = size;
+    display->pending.flags |= SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_SIZE;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_display_set_pending_frame(struct sc_display *display, const AVFrame *frame) {
+    if (!display->pending.frame) {
+        display->pending.frame = av_frame_alloc();
+        if (!display->pending.frame) {
+            LOG_OOM();
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    int r = av_frame_ref(display->pending.frame, frame);
+    if (r) {
+        LOGE("Could not ref frame: %d", r);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    display->pending.flags |= SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_FRAME;
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_display_apply_pending(struct sc_display *display) {
+    if (display->pending.flags & SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_SIZE) {
+        assert(!display->texture);
+        display->texture =
+            sc_display_create_texture(display, display->pending.size);
+        if (!display->texture) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        display->pending.flags &= ~SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_SIZE;
+    }
+
+    if (display->pending.flags & SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_FRAME) {
+        assert(display->pending.frame);
+        bool ok = sc_display_update_texture(display, display->pending.frame);
+        if (!ok) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        av_frame_unref(display->pending.frame);
+        display->pending.flags &= ~SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_FRAME;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_display_set_texture_size_internal(struct sc_display *display,
+                                     struct sc_size size) {
+    assert(size.width && size.height);
+
     if (display->texture) {
         SDL_DestroyTexture(display->texture);
     }
@@ -119,14 +183,27 @@ sc_display_set_texture_size(struct sc_display *display, struct sc_size size) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool
-sc_display_update_texture(struct sc_display *display, const AVFrame *frame) {
+enum sc_display_result
+sc_display_set_texture_size(struct sc_display *display, struct sc_size size) {
+    bool ok = sc_display_set_texture_size_internal(display, size);
+    if (!ok) {
+        sc_display_set_pending_size(display, size);
+        return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING;
+
+    }
+
+    return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_OK;
+}
+
+static bool
+sc_display_update_texture_internal(struct sc_display *display,
+                                   const AVFrame *frame) {
     int ret = SDL_UpdateYUVTexture(display->texture, NULL,
                                    frame->data[0], frame->linesize[0],
                                    frame->data[1], frame->linesize[1],
                                    frame->data[2], frame->linesize[2]);
     if (ret) {
-        LOGE("Could not update texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
+        LOGD("Could not update texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -139,11 +216,34 @@ sc_display_update_texture(struct sc_display *display, const AVFrame *frame) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool
+enum sc_display_result
+sc_display_update_texture(struct sc_display *display, const AVFrame *frame) {
+    bool ok = sc_display_update_texture_internal(display, frame);
+    if (!ok) {
+        ok = sc_display_set_pending_frame(display, frame);
+        if (!ok) {
+            LOGE("Could not set pending frame");
+            return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR;
+        }
+
+        return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING;
+    }
+
+    return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_OK;
+}
+
+enum sc_display_result
 sc_display_render(struct sc_display *display, const SDL_Rect *geometry,
                   unsigned rotation) {
     SDL_RenderClear(display->renderer);
 
+    if (display->pending.flags) {
+        bool ok = sc_display_apply_pending(display);
+        if (!ok) {
+            return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING;
+        }
+    }
+
     SDL_Renderer *renderer = display->renderer;
     SDL_Texture *texture = display->texture;
 
@@ -151,7 +251,7 @@ sc_display_render(struct sc_display *display, const SDL_Rect *geometry,
         int ret = SDL_RenderCopy(renderer, texture, NULL, geometry);
         if (ret) {
             LOGE("Could not render texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
-            return false;
+            return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR;
         }
     } else {
         // rotation in RenderCopyEx() is clockwise, while screen->rotation is
@@ -176,10 +276,10 @@ sc_display_render(struct sc_display *display, const SDL_Rect *geometry,
                                    NULL, 0);
         if (ret) {
             LOGE("Could not render texture: %s", SDL_GetError());
-            return false;
+            return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR;
         }
     }
 
     SDL_RenderPresent(display->renderer);
-    return true;
+    return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_OK;
 }

app/src/display.h

@@ -24,6 +24,20 @@ struct sc_display {
 #endif
 
     bool mipmaps;
+
+    struct {
+#define SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_SIZE 1
+#define SC_DISPLAY_PENDING_FLAG_FRAME 2
+        int8_t flags;
+        struct sc_size size;
+        AVFrame *frame;
+    } pending;
+};
+
+enum sc_display_result {
+    SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_OK,
+    SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING,
+    SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR,
 };
 
 bool
@@ -32,13 +46,13 @@ sc_display_init(struct sc_display *display, SDL_Window *window, bool mipmaps);
 void
 sc_display_destroy(struct sc_display *display);
 
-bool
+enum sc_display_result
 sc_display_set_texture_size(struct sc_display *display, struct sc_size size);
 
-bool
+enum sc_display_result
 sc_display_update_texture(struct sc_display *display, const AVFrame *frame);
 
-bool
+enum sc_display_result
 sc_display_render(struct sc_display *display, const SDL_Rect *geometry,
                   unsigned rotation);
 

app/src/screen.c

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ static void
 set_window_size(struct sc_screen *screen, struct sc_size new_size) {
     assert(!screen->fullscreen);
     assert(!screen->maximized);
+    assert(!screen->minimized);
     SDL_SetWindowSize(screen->window, new_size.width, new_size.height);
 }
 
@@ -249,9 +250,9 @@ sc_screen_render(struct sc_screen *screen, bool update_content_rect) {
         sc_screen_update_content_rect(screen);
     }
 
-    bool ok = sc_display_render(&screen->display, &screen->rect,
-                                screen->rotation);
-    (void) ok; // error already logged
+    enum sc_display_result res =
+        sc_display_render(&screen->display, &screen->rect, screen->rotation);
+    (void) res; // any error already logged
 }
 
 #if defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__WINDOWS__)
@@ -359,6 +360,7 @@ sc_screen_init(struct sc_screen *screen,
     screen->has_frame = false;
     screen->fullscreen = false;
     screen->maximized = false;
+    screen->minimized = false;
     screen->mouse_capture_key_pressed = 0;
 
     screen->req.x = params->window_x;
@@ -531,11 +533,11 @@ resize_for_content(struct sc_screen *screen, struct sc_size old_content_size,
 
 static void
 set_content_size(struct sc_screen *screen, struct sc_size new_content_size) {
-    if (!screen->fullscreen && !screen->maximized) {
+    if (!screen->fullscreen && !screen->maximized && !screen->minimized) {
         resize_for_content(screen, screen->content_size, new_content_size);
     } else if (!screen->resize_pending) {
         // Store the windowed size to be able to compute the optimal size once
-        // fullscreen and maximized are disabled
+        // fullscreen/maximized/minimized are disabled
         screen->windowed_content_size = screen->content_size;
         screen->resize_pending = true;
     }
@@ -547,6 +549,7 @@ static void
 apply_pending_resize(struct sc_screen *screen) {
     assert(!screen->fullscreen);
     assert(!screen->maximized);
+    assert(!screen->minimized);
     if (screen->resize_pending) {
         resize_for_content(screen, screen->windowed_content_size,
                                    screen->content_size);
@@ -583,15 +586,17 @@ sc_screen_init_size(struct sc_screen *screen) {
         get_rotated_size(screen->frame_size, screen->rotation);
     screen->content_size = content_size;
 
-    return sc_display_set_texture_size(&screen->display, screen->frame_size);
+    enum sc_display_result res =
+        sc_display_set_texture_size(&screen->display, screen->frame_size);
+    return res != SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR;
 }
 
 // recreate the texture and resize the window if the frame size has changed
-static bool
+static enum sc_display_result
 prepare_for_frame(struct sc_screen *screen, struct sc_size new_frame_size) {
     if (screen->frame_size.width == new_frame_size.width
             && screen->frame_size.height == new_frame_size.height) {
-        return true;
+        return SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_OK;
     }
 
     // frame dimension changed
@@ -615,13 +620,23 @@ sc_screen_update_frame(struct sc_screen *screen) {
     sc_fps_counter_add_rendered_frame(&screen->fps_counter);
 
     struct sc_size new_frame_size = {frame->width, frame->height};
-    if (!prepare_for_frame(screen, new_frame_size)) {
+    enum sc_display_result res = prepare_for_frame(screen, new_frame_size);
+    if (res == SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR) {
         return false;
     }
+    if (res == SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING) {
+        // Not an error, but do not continue
+        return true;
+    }
 
-    if (!sc_display_update_texture(&screen->display, frame)) {
+    res = sc_display_update_texture(&screen->display, frame);
+    if (res == SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_ERROR) {
         return false;
     }
+    if (res == SC_DISPLAY_RESULT_PENDING) {
+        // Not an error, but do not continue
+        return true;
+    }
 
     if (!screen->has_frame) {
         screen->has_frame = true;
@@ -647,7 +662,7 @@ sc_screen_switch_fullscreen(struct sc_screen *screen) {
     }
 
     screen->fullscreen = !screen->fullscreen;
-    if (!screen->fullscreen && !screen->maximized) {
+    if (!screen->fullscreen && !screen->maximized && !screen->minimized) {
         apply_pending_resize(screen);
     }
 
@@ -657,7 +672,7 @@ sc_screen_switch_fullscreen(struct sc_screen *screen) {
 
 void
 sc_screen_resize_to_fit(struct sc_screen *screen) {
-    if (screen->fullscreen || screen->maximized) {
+    if (screen->fullscreen || screen->maximized || screen->minimized) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -681,7 +696,7 @@ sc_screen_resize_to_fit(struct sc_screen *screen) {
 
 void
 sc_screen_resize_to_pixel_perfect(struct sc_screen *screen) {
-    if (screen->fullscreen) {
+    if (screen->fullscreen || screen->minimized) {
         return;
     }
 
@@ -738,6 +753,9 @@ sc_screen_handle_event(struct sc_screen *screen, const SDL_Event *event) {
                 case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_MAXIMIZED:
                     screen->maximized = true;
                     break;
+                case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_MINIMIZED:
+                    screen->minimized = true;
+                    break;
                 case SDL_WINDOWEVENT_RESTORED:
                     if (screen->fullscreen) {
                         // On Windows, in maximized+fullscreen, disabling
@@ -748,6 +766,7 @@ sc_screen_handle_event(struct sc_screen *screen, const SDL_Event *event) {
                         break;
                     }
                     screen->maximized = false;
+                    screen->minimized = false;
                     apply_pending_resize(screen);
                     sc_screen_render(screen, true);
                     break;

app/src/screen.h

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ struct sc_screen {
     bool has_frame;
     bool fullscreen;
     bool maximized;
+    bool minimized;
 
     // To enable/disable mouse capture, a mouse capture key (LALT, LGUI or
     // RGUI) must be pressed. This variable tracks the pressed capture key.

cross_win32.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ cpu = 'i686'
 endian = 'little'
 
 [properties]
-prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32'
+prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win32'
 prebuilt_sdl2 = 'SDL2-2.26.4/i686-w64-mingw32'
 prebuilt_libusb = 'libusb-1.0.26/libusb-MinGW-Win32'

cross_win64.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,6 @@ cpu = 'x86_64'
 endian = 'little'
 
 [properties]
-prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64'
+prebuilt_ffmpeg = 'ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win64'
 prebuilt_sdl2 = 'SDL2-2.26.4/x86_64-w64-mingw32'
 prebuilt_libusb = 'libusb-1.0.26/libusb-MinGW-x64'

release.mk

@@ -94,11 +94,10 @@ dist-win32: build-server build-win32
 	cp app/data/scrcpy-noconsole.vbs "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)"
 	cp app/data/icon.png "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)"
 	cp app/data/open_a_terminal_here.bat "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32/bin/avutil-58.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32/bin/avcodec-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32/bin/avformat-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32/bin/swresample-4.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win32/bin/zlib1.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win32/bin/avutil-58.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win32/bin/avcodec-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win32/bin/avformat-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win32/bin/swresample-4.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/adb.exe "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/AdbWinApi.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/AdbWinUsbApi.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN32_TARGET_DIR)/"
@@ -113,11 +112,10 @@ dist-win64: build-server build-win64
 	cp app/data/scrcpy-noconsole.vbs "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)"
 	cp app/data/icon.png "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)"
 	cp app/data/open_a_terminal_here.bat "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64/bin/avutil-58.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64/bin/avcodec-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64/bin/avformat-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64/bin/swresample-4.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
-	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-3/win64/bin/zlib1.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win64/bin/avutil-58.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win64/bin/avcodec-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win64/bin/avformat-60.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
+	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/ffmpeg-6.0-scrcpy-4/win64/bin/swresample-4.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/adb.exe "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/AdbWinApi.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"
 	cp app/prebuilt-deps/data/platform-tools-34.0.1/AdbWinUsbApi.dll "$(DIST)/$(WIN64_TARGET_DIR)/"

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/AudioCapture.java

@@ -18,10 +18,12 @@ import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
 
 public final class AudioCapture {
 
+    public static final int SOURCE = MediaRecorder.AudioSource.REMOTE_SUBMIX;
     public static final int SAMPLE_RATE = 48000;
     public static final int CHANNEL_CONFIG = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_STEREO;
     public static final int CHANNELS = 2;
-    public static final int FORMAT = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
+    public static final int CHANNEL_MASK = AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_LEFT | AudioFormat.CHANNEL_IN_RIGHT;
+    public static final int ENCODING = AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT;
     public static final int BYTES_PER_SAMPLE = 2;
 
     private AudioRecord recorder;
@@ -36,7 +38,7 @@ public final class AudioCapture {
 
     private static AudioFormat createAudioFormat() {
         AudioFormat.Builder builder = new AudioFormat.Builder();
-        builder.setEncoding(FORMAT);
+        builder.setEncoding(ENCODING);
         builder.setSampleRate(SAMPLE_RATE);
         builder.setChannelMask(CHANNEL_CONFIG);
         return builder.build();
@@ -50,9 +52,9 @@ public final class AudioCapture {
             // On older APIs, Workarounds.fillAppInfo() must be called beforehand
             builder.setContext(FakeContext.get());
         }
-        builder.setAudioSource(MediaRecorder.AudioSource.REMOTE_SUBMIX);
+        builder.setAudioSource(SOURCE);
         builder.setAudioFormat(createAudioFormat());
-        int minBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(SAMPLE_RATE, CHANNEL_CONFIG, FORMAT);
+        int minBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(SAMPLE_RATE, CHANNEL_CONFIG, ENCODING);
         // This buffer size does not impact latency
         builder.setBufferSizeInBytes(8 * minBufferSize);
         return builder.build();
@@ -97,7 +99,14 @@ public final class AudioCapture {
     }
 
     private void startRecording() {
-        recorder = createAudioRecord();
+        try {
+            recorder = createAudioRecord();
+        } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+            // Creating an AudioRecord using an AudioRecord.Builder does not work on Vivo phones:
+            // - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/issues/3805>
+            // - <https://github.com/Genymobile/scrcpy/pull/3862>
+            recorder = Workarounds.createAudioRecord(SOURCE, SAMPLE_RATE, CHANNEL_CONFIG, CHANNELS, CHANNEL_MASK, ENCODING);
+        }
         recorder.startRecording();
     }
 

server/src/main/java/com/genymobile/scrcpy/Workarounds.java

@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
 package com.genymobile.scrcpy;
 
 import android.annotation.SuppressLint;
+import android.annotation.TargetApi;
 import android.app.Application;
+import android.content.AttributionSource;
 import android.content.ContextWrapper;
 import android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo;
+import android.media.AudioAttributes;
+import android.media.AudioManager;
+import android.media.AudioRecord;
+import android.os.Build;
 import android.os.Looper;
+import android.os.Parcel;
 
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
+import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 public final class Workarounds {
 
@@ -95,4 +104,140 @@ public final class Workarounds {
             Ln.d("Could not fill app context: " + throwable.getMessage());
         }
     }
+
+    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.R)
+    @SuppressLint({"WrongConstant", "MissingPermission", "BlockedPrivateApi", "SoonBlockedPrivateApi"})
+    public static AudioRecord createAudioRecord(int source, int sampleRate, int channelConfig, int channels, int channelMask, int encoding) {
+        // Vivo (and maybe some other third-party ROMs) modified `AudioRecord`'s constructor, requiring `Context`s from real App environment.
+        //
+        // This method invokes the `AudioRecord(long nativeRecordInJavaObj)` constructor to create an empty `AudioRecord` instance, then uses
+        // reflections to initialize it like the normal constructor do (or the `AudioRecord.Builder.build()` method do).
+        // As a result, the modified code was not executed.
+        try {
+            // AudioRecord audioRecord = new AudioRecord(0L);
+            Constructor<AudioRecord> audioRecordConstructor = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredConstructor(long.class);
+            audioRecordConstructor.setAccessible(true);
+            AudioRecord audioRecord = audioRecordConstructor.newInstance(0L);
+
+            // audioRecord.mRecordingState = RECORDSTATE_STOPPED;
+            Field mRecordingStateField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mRecordingState");
+            mRecordingStateField.setAccessible(true);
+            mRecordingStateField.set(audioRecord, AudioRecord.RECORDSTATE_STOPPED);
+
+            Looper looper = Looper.myLooper();
+            if (looper == null) {
+                looper = Looper.getMainLooper();
+            }
+
+            // audioRecord.mInitializationLooper = looper;
+            Field mInitializationLooperField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mInitializationLooper");
+            mInitializationLooperField.setAccessible(true);
+            mInitializationLooperField.set(audioRecord, looper);
+
+            // Create `AudioAttributes` with fixed capture preset
+            int capturePreset = source;
+            AudioAttributes.Builder audioAttributesBuilder = new AudioAttributes.Builder();
+            Method setInternalCapturePresetMethod = AudioAttributes.Builder.class.getMethod("setInternalCapturePreset", int.class);
+            setInternalCapturePresetMethod.invoke(audioAttributesBuilder, capturePreset);
+            AudioAttributes attributes = audioAttributesBuilder.build();
+
+            // audioRecord.mAudioAttributes = attributes;
+            Field mAudioAttributesField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mAudioAttributes");
+            mAudioAttributesField.setAccessible(true);
+            mAudioAttributesField.set(audioRecord, attributes);
+
+            // audioRecord.audioParamCheck(capturePreset, sampleRate, encoding);
+            Method audioParamCheckMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("audioParamCheck", int.class, int.class, int.class);
+            audioParamCheckMethod.setAccessible(true);
+            audioParamCheckMethod.invoke(audioRecord, capturePreset, sampleRate, encoding);
+
+            // audioRecord.mChannelCount = channels
+            Field mChannelCountField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mChannelCount");
+            mChannelCountField.setAccessible(true);
+            mChannelCountField.set(audioRecord, channels);
+
+            // audioRecord.mChannelMask = channelMask
+            Field mChannelMaskField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mChannelMask");
+            mChannelMaskField.setAccessible(true);
+            mChannelMaskField.set(audioRecord, channelMask);
+
+            int minBufferSize = AudioRecord.getMinBufferSize(sampleRate, channelConfig, encoding);
+            int bufferSizeInBytes = minBufferSize * 8;
+
+            // audioRecord.audioBuffSizeCheck(bufferSizeInBytes)
+            Method audioBuffSizeCheckMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("audioBuffSizeCheck", int.class);
+            audioBuffSizeCheckMethod.setAccessible(true);
+            audioBuffSizeCheckMethod.invoke(audioRecord, bufferSizeInBytes);
+
+            final int channelIndexMask = 0;
+
+            int[] sampleRateArray = new int[]{sampleRate};
+            int[] session = new int[]{AudioManager.AUDIO_SESSION_ID_GENERATE};
+
+            int initResult;
+            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.S) {
+                // private native final int native_setup(Object audiorecord_this,
+                // Object /*AudioAttributes*/ attributes,
+                // int[] sampleRate, int channelMask, int channelIndexMask, int audioFormat,
+                // int buffSizeInBytes, int[] sessionId, String opPackageName,
+                // long nativeRecordInJavaObj);
+                Method nativeSetupMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("native_setup", Object.class, Object.class, int[].class, int.class,
+                        int.class, int.class, int.class, int[].class, String.class, long.class);
+                nativeSetupMethod.setAccessible(true);
+                initResult = (int) nativeSetupMethod.invoke(audioRecord, new WeakReference<AudioRecord>(audioRecord), attributes, sampleRateArray,
+                        channelMask, channelIndexMask, audioRecord.getAudioFormat(), bufferSizeInBytes, session, FakeContext.get().getOpPackageName(),
+                        0L);
+            } else {
+                // Assume `context` is never `null`
+                AttributionSource attributionSource = FakeContext.get().getAttributionSource();
+
+                // Assume `attributionSource.getPackageName()` is never null
+
+                // ScopedParcelState attributionSourceState = attributionSource.asScopedParcelState()
+                Method asScopedParcelStateMethod = AttributionSource.class.getDeclaredMethod("asScopedParcelState");
+                asScopedParcelStateMethod.setAccessible(true);
+
+                try (AutoCloseable attributionSourceState = (AutoCloseable) asScopedParcelStateMethod.invoke(attributionSource)) {
+                    Method getParcelMethod = attributionSourceState.getClass().getDeclaredMethod("getParcel");
+                    Parcel attributionSourceParcel = (Parcel) getParcelMethod.invoke(attributionSourceState);
+
+                    // private native int native_setup(Object audiorecordThis,
+                    // Object /*AudioAttributes*/ attributes,
+                    // int[] sampleRate, int channelMask, int channelIndexMask, int audioFormat,
+                    // int buffSizeInBytes, int[] sessionId, @NonNull Parcel attributionSource,
+                    // long nativeRecordInJavaObj, int maxSharedAudioHistoryMs);
+                    Method nativeSetupMethod = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredMethod("native_setup", Object.class, Object.class, int[].class, int.class,
+                            int.class, int.class, int.class, int[].class, Parcel.class, long.class, int.class);
+                    nativeSetupMethod.setAccessible(true);
+                    initResult = (int) nativeSetupMethod.invoke(audioRecord, new WeakReference<AudioRecord>(audioRecord), attributes, sampleRateArray,
+                            channelMask, channelIndexMask, audioRecord.getAudioFormat(), bufferSizeInBytes, session, attributionSourceParcel, 0L, 0);
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (initResult != AudioRecord.SUCCESS) {
+                Ln.e("Error code " + initResult + " when initializing native AudioRecord object.");
+                throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create AudioRecord");
+            }
+
+            // mSampleRate = sampleRate[0]
+            Field mSampleRateField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mSampleRate");
+            mSampleRateField.setAccessible(true);
+            mSampleRateField.set(audioRecord, sampleRateArray[0]);
+
+            // audioRecord.mSessionId = session[0]
+            Field mSessionIdField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mSessionId");
+            mSessionIdField.setAccessible(true);
+            mSessionIdField.set(audioRecord, session[0]);
+
+            // audioRecord.mState = AudioRecord.STATE_INITIALIZED
+            Field mStateField = AudioRecord.class.getDeclaredField("mState");
+            mStateField.setAccessible(true);
+            mStateField.set(audioRecord, AudioRecord.STATE_INITIALIZED);
+
+            return audioRecord;
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            Ln.e("Failed to invoke AudioRecord.<init>.", e);
+            throw new RuntimeException("Cannot create AudioRecord");
+        }
+    }
 }