Add intermediate frame in video buffer

There were only two frames simultaneously:
 - one used by the decoder;
 - one used by the renderer.

When the decoder finished decoding a frame, it swapped it with the
rendering frame.

Adding a third frame provides several benefits:
 - the decoder do not have to wait for the renderer to release the
   mutex;
 - it simplifies the video_buffer API;
 - it makes the rendering frame valid until the next call to
   video_buffer_take_rendering_frame(), which will be useful for
   swscaling on window resize.

app/src/video_buffer.c

@@ -16,19 +16,24 @@ video_buffer_init(struct video_buffer *vb, struct fps_counter *fps_counter,
         goto error_0;
     }
 
+    vb->pending_frame = av_frame_alloc();
+    if (!vb->pending_frame) {
+        goto error_1;
+    }
+
     vb->rendering_frame = av_frame_alloc();
     if (!vb->rendering_frame) {
-        goto error_1;
+        goto error_2;
     }
 
     bool ok = sc_mutex_init(&vb->mutex);
     if (!ok) {
-        goto error_2;
+        goto error_3;
     }
 
     vb->render_expired_frames = render_expired_frames;
     if (render_expired_frames) {
-        ok = sc_cond_init(&vb->rendering_frame_consumed_cond);
+        ok = sc_cond_init(&vb->pending_frame_consumed_cond);
         if (!ok) {
             sc_mutex_destroy(&vb->mutex);
             goto error_2;
@@ -40,12 +45,14 @@ video_buffer_init(struct video_buffer *vb, struct fps_counter *fps_counter,
 
     // there is initially no rendering frame, so consider it has already been
     // consumed
-    vb->rendering_frame_consumed = true;
+    vb->pending_frame_consumed = true;
 
     return true;
 
-error_2:
+error_3:
     av_frame_free(&vb->rendering_frame);
+error_2:
+    av_frame_free(&vb->pending_frame);
 error_1:
     av_frame_free(&vb->decoding_frame);
 error_0:
@@ -55,19 +62,28 @@ error_0:
 void
 video_buffer_destroy(struct video_buffer *vb) {
     if (vb->render_expired_frames) {
-        sc_cond_destroy(&vb->rendering_frame_consumed_cond);
+        sc_cond_destroy(&vb->pending_frame_consumed_cond);
     }
     sc_mutex_destroy(&vb->mutex);
     av_frame_free(&vb->rendering_frame);
+    av_frame_free(&vb->pending_frame);
     av_frame_free(&vb->decoding_frame);
 }
 
 static void
-video_buffer_swap_frames(struct video_buffer *vb) {
+video_buffer_swap_decoding_frame(struct video_buffer *vb) {
     sc_mutex_assert(&vb->mutex);
     AVFrame *tmp = vb->decoding_frame;
-    vb->decoding_frame = vb->rendering_frame;
-    vb->rendering_frame = tmp;
+    vb->decoding_frame = vb->pending_frame;
+    vb->pending_frame = tmp;
+}
+
+static void
+video_buffer_swap_rendering_frame(struct video_buffer *vb) {
+    sc_mutex_assert(&vb->mutex);
+    AVFrame *tmp = vb->rendering_frame;
+    vb->rendering_frame = vb->pending_frame;
+    vb->pending_frame = tmp;
 }
 
 void
@@ -76,31 +92,38 @@ video_buffer_offer_decoded_frame(struct video_buffer *vb,
     sc_mutex_lock(&vb->mutex);
     if (vb->render_expired_frames) {
         // wait for the current (expired) frame to be consumed
-        while (!vb->rendering_frame_consumed && !vb->interrupted) {
-            sc_cond_wait(&vb->rendering_frame_consumed_cond, &vb->mutex);
+        while (!vb->pending_frame_consumed && !vb->interrupted) {
+            sc_cond_wait(&vb->pending_frame_consumed_cond, &vb->mutex);
         }
-    } else if (!vb->rendering_frame_consumed) {
+    } else if (!vb->pending_frame_consumed) {
         fps_counter_add_skipped_frame(vb->fps_counter);
     }
 
-    video_buffer_swap_frames(vb);
+    video_buffer_swap_decoding_frame(vb);
 
-    *previous_frame_skipped = !vb->rendering_frame_consumed;
-    vb->rendering_frame_consumed = false;
+    *previous_frame_skipped = !vb->pending_frame_consumed;
+    vb->pending_frame_consumed = false;
 
     sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->mutex);
 }
 
 const AVFrame *
-video_buffer_consume_rendered_frame(struct video_buffer *vb) {
-    sc_mutex_assert(&vb->mutex);
-    assert(!vb->rendering_frame_consumed);
-    vb->rendering_frame_consumed = true;
+video_buffer_take_rendering_frame(struct video_buffer *vb) {
+    sc_mutex_lock(&vb->mutex);
+    assert(!vb->pending_frame_consumed);
+    vb->pending_frame_consumed = true;
+
     fps_counter_add_rendered_frame(vb->fps_counter);
+
+    video_buffer_swap_rendering_frame(vb);
+
     if (vb->render_expired_frames) {
         // unblock video_buffer_offer_decoded_frame()
-        sc_cond_signal(&vb->rendering_frame_consumed_cond);
+        sc_cond_signal(&vb->pending_frame_consumed_cond);
     }
+    sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->mutex);
+
+    // rendering_frame is only written from this thread, no need to lock
     return vb->rendering_frame;
 }
 
@@ -111,6 +134,6 @@ video_buffer_interrupt(struct video_buffer *vb) {
         vb->interrupted = true;
         sc_mutex_unlock(&vb->mutex);
         // wake up blocking wait
-        sc_cond_signal(&vb->rendering_frame_consumed_cond);
+        sc_cond_signal(&vb->pending_frame_consumed_cond);
     }
 }